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	<title>Comments on: I do not want to upset any one here, but I would like an answer to two more questions.</title>
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	<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/</link>
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		<title>By: ER</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47870</link>
		<dc:creator>ER</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2021 01:18:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47870</guid>
		<description>&quot;If m = 2kg then I must multiply that by 2 and get 4 = 4*1 kg which is a square.&quot;

A kg is a unit of mass, a &quot;square&quot; is either an arithmetic term or a geometrical shape. They have nothing to do with one another.

&quot;Then about 300,000 km/s * 300,000 km/s = square m/s. 9*10^16&quot;

I&#039;ll be charitable and assume you did a typo, because that statement is meaningless.

&quot;Then this would indicate to me that 3.6*10^17 square meters would be radiated in one second if 2 kilograms of mass would be converted to energy.&quot;

&quot;Square meters&quot; cannot be radiated at all.  We are talking apples and oranges here.

What you are trying to do here is determine how much energy can be released if 2 kg of matter is completely converted to energy using the Einstein equation,

E=mc^2.

E = (2kg) (3x10^8 m/s)^2

E = 2kg (9x10^16) (m/s)^2

E = 1.8 x 10^17 (Kg m^2)/s^2

The unit  (Kg  m^2)/s^2 is the unit of energy, it is(in English) &quot;a kilogram-meter squared per second squared&quot;, it is often abbreviated as the &quot;Joule&quot;.  One Joule is roughly the amount of kinetic energy in a one pound mass traveling at about 3 feet per second.  Using the vis-viva equation of kinetic energy or E = 1/2 mv^2.

E = mc^2 is an absolutely ENORMOUS amount of energy, and we cannot generate this kind of power by any craft we now possess.  Even a thermonuclear weapon utilizing hundreds of kilograms of fissionable and fusionable material only converts a few grams of that matter to energy.  The thermonuclear reactions in the cores of stars only manage to convert a few percent of the mass involved into energy.

A radioactive nucleus converts a tiny amount of its mass to energy (less than a percent) when it decays, but most of the matter is left behind as plain old matter.  Your notion that our use of nuclear weapons and reactors is equivalent to a complete conversion of thousands of tons of uranium/plutonium to energy is simply not true.  As far as I know, there is no process in nature than can completely convert matter to energy.  At most a few percent is converted.  The bulk of the matter survives as stable daughter nuclei.  

All the energy created by all our nuclear technology (plus all the energy subsequently released by the radioactive decay of all the products) is insignificant compared to the sunlight received by the earth in just one second.  The earth receives from the sun about a thousand Joules of radiant energy PER SQUARE METER every second.  That&#039;s about a kilowatt per square meter.

PS.  A Watt is a unit of power, which is energy divided by time. A Watt is a Joule per second, or J/s.  See how useful units are?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;If m = 2kg then I must multiply that by 2 and get 4 = 4*1 kg which is a square.&#8221;</p>
<p>A kg is a unit of mass, a &#8220;square&#8221; is either an arithmetic term or a geometrical shape. They have nothing to do with one another.</p>
<p>&#8220;Then about 300,000 km/s * 300,000 km/s = square m/s. 9*10^16&#8243;</p>
<p>I&#8217;ll be charitable and assume you did a typo, because that statement is meaningless.</p>
<p>&#8220;Then this would indicate to me that 3.6*10^17 square meters would be radiated in one second if 2 kilograms of mass would be converted to energy.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#8220;Square meters&#8221; cannot be radiated at all.  We are talking apples and oranges here.</p>
<p>What you are trying to do here is determine how much energy can be released if 2 kg of matter is completely converted to energy using the Einstein equation,</p>
<p>E=mc^2.</p>
<p>E = (2kg) (3&#215;10^8 m/s)^2</p>
<p>E = 2kg (9&#215;10^16) (m/s)^2</p>
<p>E = 1.8 x 10^17 (Kg m^2)/s^2</p>
<p>The unit  (Kg  m^2)/s^2 is the unit of energy, it is(in English) &#8220;a kilogram-meter squared per second squared&#8221;, it is often abbreviated as the &#8220;Joule&#8221;.  One Joule is roughly the amount of kinetic energy in a one pound mass traveling at about 3 feet per second.  Using the vis-viva equation of kinetic energy or E = 1/2 mv^2.</p>
<p>E = mc^2 is an absolutely ENORMOUS amount of energy, and we cannot generate this kind of power by any craft we now possess.  Even a thermonuclear weapon utilizing hundreds of kilograms of fissionable and fusionable material only converts a few grams of that matter to energy.  The thermonuclear reactions in the cores of stars only manage to convert a few percent of the mass involved into energy.</p>
<p>A radioactive nucleus converts a tiny amount of its mass to energy (less than a percent) when it decays, but most of the matter is left behind as plain old matter.  Your notion that our use of nuclear weapons and reactors is equivalent to a complete conversion of thousands of tons of uranium/plutonium to energy is simply not true.  As far as I know, there is no process in nature than can completely convert matter to energy.  At most a few percent is converted.  The bulk of the matter survives as stable daughter nuclei.  </p>
<p>All the energy created by all our nuclear technology (plus all the energy subsequently released by the radioactive decay of all the products) is insignificant compared to the sunlight received by the earth in just one second.  The earth receives from the sun about a thousand Joules of radiant energy PER SQUARE METER every second.  That&#8217;s about a kilowatt per square meter.</p>
<p>PS.  A Watt is a unit of power, which is energy divided by time. A Watt is a Joule per second, or J/s.  See how useful units are?</p>
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		<title>By: RL</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47869</link>
		<dc:creator>RL</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 22 Dec 2021 00:50:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47869</guid>
		<description>Johannes,
Until you educate yourself on basic physics you will not be able to speak anything but gibberish on the topic... seriously, units and how to use them is covered in Jr. High... these are very basic things that are a pre-requisite to do any calculations.


&lt;blockquote&gt;If m = 2kg then I must multiply that by 2 and get 4 = 4*1 kg which is a square.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

Why the extra factor of 2? Apparently you just felt like multiplying by 2 for some random reason...

&lt;blockquote&gt;Then this would indicate to me that 3.6*10^17 square meters would be radiated in one second if 2 kilograms of mass would be converted to energy.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

That- in no way- makes even the remotest amount of sense- it is gibberish. It has no connection with reality. 
The correct answer is ~1.79*10^17 joules is the energy equivalent of 2kg, this will be released over whatever period of time the conversion takes place.



&lt;blockquote&gt;This only takes into consideration of the energy from rest mass conversion.
The energy from the daughter elements are not calculated due to the fact that all of the 2kg would be converted to energy, the daughter elements would remain in the material that is left over.&lt;/blockquote&gt;

This is- again- gibberish. If you convert 2 kg into energy, there are no &#039;daughter elements&#039;... there would be no material left over from that 2 kg because you converted that material to energy.
You do not understand basic math, physics, dimensional analysis or basic reasoning, WHY do you insist on inflicting these delusional screeds upon us? 

I mainly responded to demonstrate to newcomers here just how pointless it is- that has now been demonstrated. Every correction I have made here has been explained to you one way or another countless times before... you didn&#039;t listen then, and I fully expect that in 3 months you will be back here repeating the same errors.

You have had 20 years at this to learn so much- but here you are still, unable to grasp basic units... you really need to stop this nonsense.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Johannes,<br />
Until you educate yourself on basic physics you will not be able to speak anything but gibberish on the topic&#8230; seriously, units and how to use them is covered in Jr. High&#8230; these are very basic things that are a pre-requisite to do any calculations.</p>
<blockquote><p>If m = 2kg then I must multiply that by 2 and get 4 = 4*1 kg which is a square.</p></blockquote>
<p>Why the extra factor of 2? Apparently you just felt like multiplying by 2 for some random reason&#8230;</p>
<blockquote><p>Then this would indicate to me that 3.6*10^17 square meters would be radiated in one second if 2 kilograms of mass would be converted to energy.</p></blockquote>
<p>That- in no way- makes even the remotest amount of sense- it is gibberish. It has no connection with reality.<br />
The correct answer is ~1.79*10^17 joules is the energy equivalent of 2kg, this will be released over whatever period of time the conversion takes place.</p>
<blockquote><p>This only takes into consideration of the energy from rest mass conversion.<br />
The energy from the daughter elements are not calculated due to the fact that all of the 2kg would be converted to energy, the daughter elements would remain in the material that is left over.</p></blockquote>
<p>This is- again- gibberish. If you convert 2 kg into energy, there are no &#8216;daughter elements&#8217;&#8230; there would be no material left over from that 2 kg because you converted that material to energy.<br />
You do not understand basic math, physics, dimensional analysis or basic reasoning, WHY do you insist on inflicting these delusional screeds upon us? </p>
<p>I mainly responded to demonstrate to newcomers here just how pointless it is- that has now been demonstrated. Every correction I have made here has been explained to you one way or another countless times before&#8230; you didn&#8217;t listen then, and I fully expect that in 3 months you will be back here repeating the same errors.</p>
<p>You have had 20 years at this to learn so much- but here you are still, unable to grasp basic units&#8230; you really need to stop this nonsense.</p>
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		<title>By: johannes</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47868</link>
		<dc:creator>johannes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 23:32:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47868</guid>
		<description>I thank you guys for your efforts. The reason I asked the question about Einstein’s formula was that the result did not look correct, after all, the resulting number would be way over the 300,000,000 m/s assigned to light speed.
OK now I understand the formula as follows:
If  m = 2kg then I must multiply that by 2 and get 4 = 4*1 kg which is a square.
Then about 300,000 km/s * 300,000 km/s = square m/s. 9*10^16
Then about 9*10^16 square m/s * 4 = 3.6*10^17.
Then this would indicate to me that 3.6*10^17 square meters would be radiated in one second if  2 kilograms of mass would be converted to energy.
This only takes into consideration of the energy from rest mass conversion.
The energy from the daughter elements are not calculated due to the fact that all of the 2kg would be converted to energy, the daughter elements would remain in the material that is left over.
I suppose that the final figure should be converted to volume.

Sorry podrock, not very accurate calculation but should give some idea of how I understand the calculation of the formula at this moment in time.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I thank you guys for your efforts. The reason I asked the question about Einstein’s formula was that the result did not look correct, after all, the resulting number would be way over the 300,000,000 m/s assigned to light speed.<br />
OK now I understand the formula as follows:<br />
If  m = 2kg then I must multiply that by 2 and get 4 = 4*1 kg which is a square.<br />
Then about 300,000 km/s * 300,000 km/s = square m/s. 9*10^16<br />
Then about 9*10^16 square m/s * 4 = 3.6*10^17.<br />
Then this would indicate to me that 3.6*10^17 square meters would be radiated in one second if  2 kilograms of mass would be converted to energy.<br />
This only takes into consideration of the energy from rest mass conversion.<br />
The energy from the daughter elements are not calculated due to the fact that all of the 2kg would be converted to energy, the daughter elements would remain in the material that is left over.<br />
I suppose that the final figure should be converted to volume.</p>
<p>Sorry podrock, not very accurate calculation but should give some idea of how I understand the calculation of the formula at this moment in time.</p>
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		<title>By: johannes</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47867</link>
		<dc:creator>johannes</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 23:26:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47867</guid>
		<description>Thank you podrock: That link has excellent info.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you podrock: That link has excellent info.</p>
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		<title>By: RL</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47849</link>
		<dc:creator>RL</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 21 Dec 2021 04:44:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47849</guid>
		<description>Wouldn&#039;t polar coordinates be more appropriate?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wouldn&#8217;t polar coordinates be more appropriate?</p>
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		<title>By: podrock</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47847</link>
		<dc:creator>podrock</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Dec 2021 23:43:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47847</guid>
		<description>Nice!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nice!</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Sui</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47845</link>
		<dc:creator>Sui</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Dec 2021 23:33:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47845</guid>
		<description>&lt;img src=&quot;https://www.habitablezone.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/378176FF-E87C-4835-BF30-09536F799F6C.png&quot; alt=&quot;branch&quot; /&gt;Try this branch of maths perhaps?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><img src="https://www.habitablezone.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/378176FF-E87C-4835-BF30-09536F799F6C.png" alt="branch" />Try this branch of maths perhaps?</p>
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		<title>By: podrock</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47844</link>
		<dc:creator>podrock</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Dec 2021 22:15:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47844</guid>
		<description>Under my comment &quot;here&#039;s one&quot; it is pretty good. Then, for good measure, watch some others.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Under my comment &#8220;here&#8217;s one&#8221; it is pretty good. Then, for good measure, watch some others.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: RobVG</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47842</link>
		<dc:creator>RobVG</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Dec 2021 20:46:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47842</guid>
		<description>&quot;Like&quot;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Like&#8221;</p>
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		<title>By: RL</title>
		<link>https://habitablezone.com/2021/12/19/i-do-not-want-to-upset-any-one-here-but-i-would-like-an-answer-to-two-more-questions/#comment-47841</link>
		<dc:creator>RL</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Dec 2021 19:27:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.habitablezone.com/?p=90241#comment-47841</guid>
		<description>The equation does have a pole (becomes undefined) when x=mas...

Nonlinear Noel Numerology?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The equation does have a pole (becomes undefined) when x=mas&#8230;</p>
<p>Nonlinear Noel Numerology?</p>
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