First of all, heat can be represented by the kinetic energy of molecules, the presence of solar wind indicates that mass with very high kinetic energy content is expelled from the sun, the kinetic energy content of the mass is such that the mass will not return back to the sun.  Since the expelled mass received its energy from the sun and then was expelled, it no longer contributes to the energy content of the sun, therefore the sun’s temperature is that much cooler.  The effect is somewhat like boiling water in a pot, the extra heat energy that is placed under the pot will disappear from the water with the generated steam, thereby keeping the liquid at a lower temperature than the steam.

If we have a accurate representation of the density, speed and volume of the mass loss we can figure out how much kinetic energy disappears into space with the expelled mass. This kinetic energy loss is in addition to the radiative loss that occurs at the electromagnetic frequencies. Such a calculation will work for Earth as well as the sun.

The gravitational force is what keeps the atmospheric molecules around a planet, the smaller the planet the less atmosphere around it, one reason for this is because the molecules with more kinetic energy have escaped.

Earth is bigger than Mars, therefore, Earth’s gravitational field can hold onto more energetic molecules, and that is why Earth’s atmosphere has higher density.

If the kinetic energy of Earth’s atmosphere is increased, then more of the energetic molecules or ions will escape into space, and in that process the escaping mass will leave the atmosphere that much less dense and cooler.

Radioactive elements impart kinetic energy to their surroundings.

The Earth’s atmospheric density and energy balance has been relatively constant for very long time, but  now it seems that the energy is increasing and the atmospheric density is decreasing, can the greenhouse gas emissions account for such effects?